VideoObject Schema: Earning Video Thumbnails in Google Search

Master VideoObject schema video thumbnails search in 2026. Learn mandatory thumbnailUrl rules, ISO 8601 duration formatting, and main-content video policies.

BugViso

September 22, 202616 min read

To qualify for video thumbnail rich results in Google Web Search and Video Search tabs, web engineers must implement compliant VideoObject structured data using JSON-LD. Video rich snippets are among the highest-converting visual features in modern search engine results pages (SERPs), lifting organic click-through rates (CTR) by 25% to 45% for product walkthroughs, educational webinars, and technical tutorials.

However, Google enforces strict algorithmic criteria beyond basic schema syntax: the video must be the main content of the host webpage, the declared thumbnailUrl must match exact aspect ratio and crawlability specifications, duration must be formatted in strict ISO 8601 duration notation (PT1M33S), and direct media playback links (contentUrl or embedUrl) must be accessible to Googlebot without authentication walls.

Diagram

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                 VIDEOOBJECT RICH RESULT ARCHITECTURAL FLOW                  │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 1. Host Page Validation   │ Google confirms video is "Main Content" on page │
│ 2. Schema Parse           │ Extracts VideoObject, checks required properties│
│ 3. Thumbnail Fetch        │ Googlebot-Image crawls thumbnailUrl (16:9 / 4:3)│
│ 4. Media Stream Test      │ Validates accessible mp4 contentUrl or embedUrl │
│ 5. Visual SERP Generation │ Video thumbnail badge rendered alongside snippet│
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

This guide details the complete engineering blueprint for VideoObject schema, covering required properties, video player integration (HTML5, YouTube, Vimeo, Wistia), Google's main-content policy rules, automated Python validation, and high-scale framework implementations.

1. Technical Mechanics: What Googlebot Requires for Video Thumbnails

Search algorithms evaluate VideoObject structured data through a specialized video processing pipeline:

Diagram

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    VIDEO EXTRACTION & VALIDATION PIPELINE                   │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 1. Syntactic Verification  │ Confirms name, description, uploadDate, thumbs │
│ 2. Media Link Discovery    │ Discovers contentUrl (direct) or embedUrl      │
│ 3. Thumbnail Resolution    │ Verifies minimum dimensions (140x130 px, >60KB)│
│ 4. Duration Parsing        │ Converts ISO 8601 PT#M#S to display timestamp  │
│ 5. Viewport Prominence     │ Confirms video is above fold or primary focus  │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

1. Mandatory vs Recommended Properties

Google's Rich Results documentation specifies strict property requirements for VideoObject:

Property Name	Classification	Expected Format	Impact on Rich Results
`name`	Mandatory	String (Title of the video)	Displayed as the primary video title in SERP
`description`	Mandatory	String (Concise summary)	Summarizes video content for indexing and search
`thumbnailUrl`	Mandatory	Array of valid image URLs	Provides the visual thumbnail rendered in search
`uploadDate`	Mandatory	ISO 8601 Date (`YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ`)	Displays publication freshness in search cards
`contentUrl`	Conditional*	URL pointing to direct media file (`.mp4`)	Enables Google to fetch raw video stream
`embedUrl`	Conditional*	URL pointing to iframe player endpoint	Allows in-SERP playback preview
`duration`	Recommended	ISO 8601 Duration (`PT5M30S`)	Renders time badge (e.g., `5:30`) on thumbnail
`hasPart`	Recommended	Array of `Clip` objects	Enables "Key Moments" timeline timestamps

*Google mandates providing either contentUrl or embedUrl (or both). Providing both maximizes indexing reliability across web and video tabs.

2. The Main-Content Policy (The September 2023 Update)

In September 2023, Google updated its video indexing criteria: video thumbnails are only rendered if the video is the main content of the page.

Eligible (Main Content): Dedicated video watch pages, dedicated webinar recordings, or standalone video tutorial guides where the video player is prominently positioned above the fold.
Ineligible (Supplementary Content): A 2,500-word blog post where a small video is embedded at the bottom as a supplementary reference, or an e-commerce product page where the primary content is an item catalog.

Supplementary videos can still be indexed in Google's dedicated "Videos" tab, but they will no longer trigger video thumbnails on the primary Google Web Search result page.

To understand how Google evaluates broader entity structures on rich pages, review our guide on how to earn rich snippets with schema markup.

2. Production JSON-LD Blueprint: VideoObject with Key Moments

The following production template demonstrates a complete VideoObject implementation featuring direct video streaming URLs, responsive thumbnail arrays, and timestamped Clip segments for Google's "Key Moments" feature:

html

<script type="application/ld+json">
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "VideoObject",
  "@id": "https://example.com/videos/core-web-vitals-deep-dive/#video",
  "name": "How to Diagnose and Fix Interaction to Next Paint (INP)",
  "description": "Comprehensive engineering walkthrough on debugging slow React hydration loops, long animation frames, and optimizing INP under 200ms.",
  "thumbnailUrl": [
    "https://example.com/thumbnails/inp-guide-16x9.jpg",
    "https://example.com/thumbnails/inp-guide-4x3.jpg",
    "https://example.com/thumbnails/inp-guide-1x1.jpg"
  ],
  "uploadDate": "2026-09-15T09:00:00+00:00",
  "duration": "PT14M45S",
  "contentUrl": "https://cdn.example.com/videos/inp-diagnostics-1080p.mp4",
  "embedUrl": "https://example.com/embed/inp-diagnostics",
  "interactionStatistic": {
    "@type": "InteractionCounter",
    "interactionType": { "@type": "WatchAction" },
    "userInteractionCount": 14200
  },
  "publisher": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "name": "Apex Engineering Institute",
    "logo": {
      "@type": "ImageObject",
      "url": "https://example.com/assets/logo.png"
    }
  },
  "hasPart": [
    {
      "@type": "Clip",
      "name": "Understanding the INP Event Lifecycle",
      "startOffset": 0,
      "endOffset": 185,
      "url": "https://example.com/videos/core-web-vitals-deep-dive?t=0"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Clip",
      "name": "Profiling Long Animation Frames in Chrome DevTools",
      "startOffset": 186,
      "endOffset": 490,
      "url": "https://example.com/videos/core-web-vitals-deep-dive?t=186"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Clip",
      "name": "Refactoring Blocking Event Listeners with scheduler.yield()",
      "startOffset": 491,
      "endOffset": 885,
      "url": "https://example.com/videos/core-web-vitals-deep-dive?t=491"
    }
  ]
}
</script>

3. Dynamic Next.js 15 Implementation with TypeScript

In modern React and Next.js 15 applications, video metadata is typically supplied via a headless CMS (Sanity, Contentful) or a video hosting API (Mux, Cloudflare Stream).

The component below demonstrates how to dynamically generate a Google-compliant VideoObject JSON-LD payload alongside an accessible HTML5 <video> player:

tsx

// components/media/VideoPlayerWithSchema.tsx
import React from 'react';

export interface VideoClip {
  title: string;
  startSeconds: number;
  endSeconds: number;
}

export interface VideoData {
  title: string;
  description: string;
  slug: string;
  uploadedAt: string;
  durationSeconds: number;
  thumbnailUrls: string[];
  mp4Url: string;
  embedUrl: string;
  clips?: VideoClip[];
}

// Convert raw seconds to ISO 8601 duration format (e.g. PT4M12S)
function formatIsoDuration(totalSeconds: number): string {
  const hours = Math.floor(totalSeconds / 3600);
  const minutes = Math.floor((totalSeconds % 3600) / 60);
  const seconds = totalSeconds % 60;

  let durationStr = 'PT';
  if (hours > 0) durationStr += `${hours}H`;
  if (minutes > 0 || hours > 0) durationStr += `${minutes}M`;
  durationStr += `${seconds}S`;

  return durationStr;
}

export function VideoPlayerWithSchema({ video, baseUrl }: { video: VideoData; baseUrl: string }) {
  const pageUrl = `${baseUrl}/watch/${video.slug}`;

  const jsonLd: Record<string, any> = {
    '@context': 'https://schema.org',
    '@type': 'VideoObject',
    '@id': `${pageUrl}/#video`,
    name: video.title,
    description: video.description,
    thumbnailUrl: video.thumbnailUrls,
    uploadDate: video.uploadedAt,
    duration: formatIsoDuration(video.durationSeconds),
    contentUrl: video.mp4Url,
    embedUrl: video.embedUrl
  };

  if (video.clips && video.clips.length > 0) {
    jsonLd.hasPart = video.clips.map((clip) => ({
      '@type': 'Clip',
      name: clip.title,
      startOffset: clip.startSeconds,
      endOffset: clip.endSeconds,
      url: `${pageUrl}?t=${clip.startSeconds}`
    }));
  }

  return (
    <div className="video-player-wrapper my-8 max-w-5xl mx-auto">
      {/* Isolated JSON-LD Schema Injection */}
      <script
        type="application/ld+json"
        dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: JSON.stringify(jsonLd) }}
      />

      <div className="relative aspect-video rounded-2xl overflow-hidden shadow-2xl bg-black">
        <video
          controls
          preload="metadata"
          poster={video.thumbnailUrls[0]}
          className="w-full h-full object-cover"
        >
          <source src={video.mp4Url} type="video/mp4" />
          Your browser does not support HTML5 video streaming.
        </video>
      </div>

      <div className="mt-4">
        <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold text-slate-900 tracking-tight">{video.title}</h1>
        <p className="text-sm text-slate-600 mt-2 leading-relaxed">{video.description}</p>
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}

4. Advanced Video Features: Transcripts & Live Stream Broadcasting

Beyond standard on-demand tutorials, modern video engineering incorporates accessibility features and live streaming events to maximize indexability and real-time search discovery.

1. The `transcript` Property for Semantic Indexing

Adding a complete textual transcript to your VideoObject schema provides search engines and LLM answer engines with direct access to spoken dialogue without requiring external speech-to-text processing:

json

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "VideoObject",
  "name": "Distributed SQL vs NoSQL Benchmarks",
  "description": "Engineering comparison of distributed ACID transactions versus eventual consistency models.",
  "transcript": "Welcome everyone. In today's session, we are analyzing p99 latency benchmarks between distributed CockroachDB clusters and MongoDB sharded replica sets under high write contention..."
}

This text enables search engines to rank your video page for long-tail spoken phrases that do not appear in the primary video title or description.

2. Live Stream Schema with `BroadcastEvent`

When hosting live technical webinars, product keynotes, or virtual conferences, implementing BroadcastEvent inside VideoObject enables the coveted red "LIVE" badge in Google search results:

json

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "VideoObject",
  "name": "Live Keynote: The Future of Generative Web Architecture",
  "description": "Streaming live presentation on edge rendering, headless CMS pipelines, and AI search indexing.",
  "uploadDate": "2026-10-01T08:00:00+00:00",
  "thumbnailUrl": "https://example.com/thumbnails/live-keynote.jpg",
  "publication": [
    {
      "@type": "BroadcastEvent",
      "isLiveBroadcast": true,
      "startDate": "2026-10-01T09:00:00-07:00",
      "endDate": "2026-10-01T11:30:00-07:00"
    }
  ]
}

Googlebot continuously pings the live broadcast endpoint during the active window, removing the live badge automatically when endDate elapses.

5. Key Moments & Seeking Specification

Google Search allows users to jump directly to specific segments of a video from the search results page via the "Key Moments" interface. There are two primary architectural methods for enabling Key Moments:

Diagram

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                 2 METHODS TO ENABLE KEY MOMENTS IN SERPS                    │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Method 1: Clip Schema Nodes │ Hardcode specific time segments via hasPart   │
│ Method 2: SeekToAction      │ Dynamic URL template: https://site.com/v?t={s}│
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Method 1: Discrete `Clip` Elements (Best for Custom Chapters)

As demonstrated in our primary blueprint, you declare explicit start and end offsets for pre-defined editorial sections. This guarantees exact chapter naming in search results.

Method 2: Dynamic `SeekToAction` Schema (Best for Large Video Libraries)

If your video player natively supports deep-linking via a URL parameter (e.g., ?t=120 or #t=120), you can declare a dynamic SeekToAction property:

json

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "VideoObject",
  "name": "Cloud Architecture Deep Dive",
  "potentialAction": {
    "@type": "SeekToAction",
    "target": "https://example.com/watch/cloud-architecture?t={seek_to_second_number}",
    "startOffset-input": "required name=seek_to_second_number"
  }
}

Google will automatically identify significant visual and audio shifts in the video stream, generating automated chapters that deep-link directly into your player using the target parameter template.

5. Python Automation: Video Schema & Thumbnail Inspector

This automated Python script audits a URL hosting video content, verifies that required properties exist, tests thumbnail crawlability, and validates ISO 8601 duration syntax:

python

# scripts/audit_video_schema.py
import sys
import json
import re
import httpx
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

def validate_iso_duration(duration_str: str) -> bool:
    pattern = r"^PT(?:(\d+)H)?(?:(\d+)M)?(?:(\d+)S)?$"
    return bool(re.match(pattern, duration_str))

def audit_video_page(url: str):
    print(f"[*] Auditing VideoObject Schema on: {url}")
    headers = {"User-Agent": "BugVisoVideoValidator/1.0 (+https://bugviso.com)"}
    
    try:
        res = httpx.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=12.0, follow_redirects=True)
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[X] Request failed: {e}")
        return False
        
    soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, "html.parser")
    scripts = soup.find_all("script", type="application/ld+json")
    
    if not scripts:
        print("[X] No JSON-LD script blocks found on page.")
        return False
        
    video_found = False
    
    for script in scripts:
        if not script.string:
            continue
        try:
            data = json.loads(script.string)
        except json.JSONDecodeError as exc:
            print(f"[X] Syntax Error: {exc}")
            continue
            
        nodes = data.get("@graph", [data]) if isinstance(data, dict) else data
        
        for node in nodes:
            if node.get("@type") == "VideoObject":
                video_found = True
                name = node.get("name")
                desc = node.get("description")
                thumbs = node.get("thumbnailUrl", [])
                upload_date = node.get("uploadDate")
                duration = node.get("duration")
                content_url = node.get("contentUrl")
                embed_url = node.get("embedUrl")
                
                print(f"[✓] Detected VideoObject: '{name}'")
                print("=" * 65)
                
                # Check mandatory fields
                if not name or not desc or not upload_date:
                    print("[X] Critical: Missing mandatory name, description, or uploadDate!")
                else:
                    print(f"  - Upload Date: {upload_date}")
                    
                # Validate Duration
                if duration:
                    if validate_iso_duration(duration):
                        print(f"  - Duration: {duration} [VALID ISO-8601]")
                    else:
                        print(f"  [X] Invalid Duration Format: '{duration}'. Expected format 'PT#M#S'.")
                else:
                    print("  [!] Warning: Missing 'duration'. SERP badge will not display time.")
                    
                # Validate Media URLs
                if not content_url and not embed_url:
                    print("  [X] Critical Error: Must declare at least one of 'contentUrl' or 'embedUrl'.")
                else:
                    if content_url:
                        print(f"  - Direct Stream: {content_url}")
                    if embed_url:
                        print(f"  - Embed Player: {embed_url}")
                        
                # Inspect Thumbnails
                if not thumbs:
                    print("  [X] Critical Error: Missing required 'thumbnailUrl'.")
                else:
                    thumb_list = [thumbs] if isinstance(thumbs, str) else thumbs
                    print(f"  - Declared Thumbnails ({len(thumb_list)}):")
                    for t_url in thumb_list:
                        # Test thumbnail HTTP status
                        try:
                            t_res = httpx.head(t_url, timeout=5.0)
                            status_marker = "[OK]" if t_res.status_code == 200 else f"[HTTP {t_res.status_code}]"
                        except Exception:
                            status_marker = "[TIMEOUT/ERR]"
                        print(f"    -> {t_url} {status_marker}")
                        
                # Inspect Key Moments
                clips = node.get("hasPart", [])
                if clips:
                    print(f"  [✓] Key Moments Enabled: {len(clips)} chapter clips detected.")
                    for c in clips:
                        print(f"    * {c.get('name')} ({c.get('startOffset')}s - {c.get('endOffset')}s)")
                print("=" * 65)

    if not video_found:
        print("[X] No VideoObject entity detected.")
        return False
        
    return True

if __name__ == "__main__":
    target = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else "https://example.com/watch/sample"
    audit_video_page(target)

6. How BugViso Audits Video Schema & Media Accessibility

Validating video structured data across thousands of dynamic catalog entries cannot be managed manually. BugViso's Advanced SEO Intelligence Engine automates video schema quality assurance during every crawl pass.

Diagram

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                 BUGVISO VIDEO SCHEMA VALIDATION MODULE                      │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 1. Mandatory Property QA   │ Validates name, description, and uploadDate    │
│ 2. Thumbnail Reachability  │ Confirms thumbnails return HTTP 200 via HEAD   │
│ 3. ISO Duration Linter     │ Flags corrupted or non-standard duration codes │
│ 4. Main-Content Evaluator  │ Assesses viewport dominance and player layout  │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

When you initiate a scan with BugViso:

Automated VideoObject Extraction: The crawler isolates all video schema tags and verifies that either contentUrl or embedUrl is present, accessible, and not gated by authentication redirects.
Thumbnail Image Health Checks: BugViso verifies that every image declared in thumbnailUrl returns an HTTP 200 status code, satisfies minimum dimension constraints (minimum 140x130 pixels), and is not blocked by robots.txt directives in User-agent: Googlebot-Image.
Duration Syntax Validation: Corrupted duration strings (e.g., passing "04:15" instead of "PT4M15S") are flagged immediately before Google Search Console reports errors.
Remediation Snippets: When an incomplete video schema block is identified, BugViso generates a ready-to-deploy JSON-LD code snippet in the remediation playbook.

To evaluate your video schema integrity and unlock video thumbnail rich snippets, launch a free BugViso technical audit.

7. Common Implementation Traps & Edge Cases

Avoid these frequent engineering mistakes when deploying VideoObject structured data:

1. The Human-Readable Duration Mistake

A pervasive mistake is passing video duration in clock format rather than ISO 8601 duration syntax:

json

// ❌ Broken: Clock notation causes Google schema parsing failure
"duration": "08:45"

// ✅ Fixed: Compliant ISO 8601 duration notation (8 minutes, 45 seconds)
"duration": "PT8M45S"

2. Blocking Thumbnails via `robots.txt`

If your thumbnail images are hosted on a dedicated CDN or media subdomain (e.g., media.example.com/thumbs/), ensure your robots.txt file does not disallow Googlebot-Image. If Google's image crawler cannot fetch the thumbnail asset, Google will discard the video rich snippet entirely.

For foundational guidance on structured data syntax, review our beginner's guide to schema markup.

8. Frequently Asked Questions

Why did video thumbnails disappear from my blog posts?

In September 2023, Google updated its search algorithm to show video thumbnails in main Google Web Search results only when the video is the "main content" of the page. If a video is embedded on a text-heavy blog post or product page as supplementary material, Google will not show a thumbnail in general search, though it may still appear in the dedicated "Videos" tab.

Can I markup YouTube or Vimeo embeds with VideoObject schema?

Yes. When embedding a YouTube or Vimeo video, provide the video's embed URL (e.g., https://www.youtube.com/embed/VIDEO_ID) in the embedUrl property and provide the YouTube thumbnail URL in thumbnailUrl.

What is the recommended aspect ratio for video thumbnails?

Google recommends providing thumbnail images in multiple aspect ratios (16:9, 4:3, and 1:1) to ensure optimal rendering across mobile, desktop, and Google Discover feeds.

Does VideoObject schema help with Google Discover inclusion?

Yes. High-quality video schema with high-resolution 16:9 thumbnails significantly improves eligibility for Google Discover cards, driving massive organic referral traffic.

Do I still need an XML Video Sitemap if I use VideoObject schema?

While JSON-LD structured data is Google's preferred method for understanding video content, maintaining an XML Video Sitemap is recommended for large media sites with thousands of videos. It accelerates crawler discovery of newly published media assets.

9. Conclusion

Implementing compliant VideoObject schema video thumbnails search unlocks visually prominent search real estate that commands high organic click-through rates. By adhering to Google's main-content placement guidelines, providing high-resolution thumbnails, formatting duration in strict ISO 8601 syntax, and enabling Key Moments chapters, your video assets will dominate search results—which is exactly what an automated BugViso scan verifies across every media page on your domain.

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VideoObject Schema: Earning Video Thumbnails in Google Search

1. Technical Mechanics: What Googlebot Requires for Video Thumbnails

1. Mandatory vs Recommended Properties

2. The Main-Content Policy (The September 2023 Update)

2. Production JSON-LD Blueprint: VideoObject with Key Moments

3. Dynamic Next.js 15 Implementation with TypeScript

4. Advanced Video Features: Transcripts & Live Stream Broadcasting

1. The `transcript` Property for Semantic Indexing

2. Live Stream Schema with `BroadcastEvent`

5. Key Moments & Seeking Specification

Method 1: Discrete `Clip` Elements (Best for Custom Chapters)

Method 2: Dynamic `SeekToAction` Schema (Best for Large Video Libraries)

5. Python Automation: Video Schema & Thumbnail Inspector

6. How BugViso Audits Video Schema & Media Accessibility

7. Common Implementation Traps & Edge Cases

1. The Human-Readable Duration Mistake

2. Blocking Thumbnails via `robots.txt`

8. Frequently Asked Questions

Why did video thumbnails disappear from my blog posts?

Can I markup YouTube or Vimeo embeds with VideoObject schema?

What is the recommended aspect ratio for video thumbnails?

Does VideoObject schema help with Google Discover inclusion?

Do I still need an XML Video Sitemap if I use VideoObject schema?

9. Conclusion

See where your site stands

Schema Markup AI Search Citation Accuracy: The 2026 Guide

How to Fix Crawl Errors in Google Search Console (2026)

Orphan Pages in SEO: How to Find Pages Google Can't Discover

1. Technical Mechanics: What Googlebot Requires for Video Thumbnails

1. Mandatory vs Recommended Properties

2. The Main-Content Policy (The September 2023 Update)

2. Production JSON-LD Blueprint: VideoObject with Key Moments

3. Dynamic Next.js 15 Implementation with TypeScript

4. Advanced Video Features: Transcripts & Live Stream Broadcasting

1. The transcript Property for Semantic Indexing

2. Live Stream Schema with BroadcastEvent

5. Key Moments & Seeking Specification

Method 1: Discrete Clip Elements (Best for Custom Chapters)

Method 2: Dynamic SeekToAction Schema (Best for Large Video Libraries)

5. Python Automation: Video Schema & Thumbnail Inspector

6. How BugViso Audits Video Schema & Media Accessibility

7. Common Implementation Traps & Edge Cases

1. The Human-Readable Duration Mistake

2. Blocking Thumbnails via robots.txt

8. Frequently Asked Questions

Why did video thumbnails disappear from my blog posts?

Can I markup YouTube or Vimeo embeds with VideoObject schema?

What is the recommended aspect ratio for video thumbnails?

Does VideoObject schema help with Google Discover inclusion?

Do I still need an XML Video Sitemap if I use VideoObject schema?

9. Conclusion

See where your site stands

Keep reading

Schema Markup AI Search Citation Accuracy: The 2026 Guide

How to Fix Crawl Errors in Google Search Console (2026)

Orphan Pages in SEO: How to Find Pages Google Can't Discover

1. The `transcript` Property for Semantic Indexing

2. Live Stream Schema with `BroadcastEvent`

Method 1: Discrete `Clip` Elements (Best for Custom Chapters)

Method 2: Dynamic `SeekToAction` Schema (Best for Large Video Libraries)

2. Blocking Thumbnails via `robots.txt`